JAN 2010 TBA
FEB 2010 TBA
MAR 2010 TBA
APR 2010 TBA
MAY 2010 TBA
JUN 2010 TBA
JUL 2010 TBA
AUG 2010 5
Types Of REITs And How To Invest In Them
Will Ashworth,
On Thursday 12 August 2010, 5:07
INVESTOPEDIA.COM
Real estate investment
trusts (REITs) are a key consideration when constructing any equity or
fixed-income portfolio. They provide greater diversification, potentially
higher total returns and/or lower overall risk. In short, their ability to
generate dividend income along with capital appreciation make them an
excellent counterbalance to stocks, bonds and cash. REITs generally own
and/or manage income-producing commercial real estate, whether it's the
properties themselves or the mortgages on those properties. You can invest
in the companies individually or through an exchange-traded fund or mutual
fund. There are many types of REITs available. Here we look at a few of the
main ones and their historical returns. By the end of this article you
should have a better idea when and what to buy.
Historical Returns
Real estate investment trusts are historically one of the best-performing
asset classes available. The FTSE NAREIT Equity REIT Index is what most
investors use to gauge the performance of the U.S. real estate market.
Between 1990 and 2010, the index's average annual return was 9.9%, second
only to mid-cap stocks, which averaged 10.3% per year over the same period.
In comparison, fixed income assets managed 7% annual returns and commodities
just 4.5% a year. Real estate was the worst performer of eight asset classes
in just two years out of 20. Fixed income, on the other hand, was the worst
performer six times in the same 20-year period. Historically, investors
looking for yield have done better investing in real estate than fixed
income, the traditional asset class for this purpose. A carefully
constructed portfolio should consider both.
Retail REITs
Approximately 24% of REIT investments are in shopping malls and freestanding
retail. This represents the single biggest investment by type in America.
Whatever shopping center you frequent, it's likely owned by an REIT. When
considering an investment in retail real estate, one first needs to examine
the retail industry itself. Is it financially healthy at present and what is
the outlook for the future?
It's important to remember that retail REITs make money from the rent they
charge tenants. If retailers are experiencing cash flow problems due to poor
sales, it's possible they could delay or even default on those monthly
payments, eventually being forced into bankruptcy. At that point, a new
tenant needs to be found, which is never easy. Therefore, it's crucial that
you invest in REITs with the strongest anchor tenants possible. These
include grocery and home improvement stores.
Once you've made your industry assessment, your focus should turn to the
REITs themselves. Like any investment, it's important that they have good
profits, strong balance sheets and as little debt as possible, especially
the short-term kind. In a poor economy, retail REITs with significant cash
positions will be presented with opportunities to buy good real estate at
distressed prices. The best-run companies will take advantage of this.
Residential REITs
These are REITs that own and operate multi-family rental apartment buildings
as well as manufactured housing. When looking to invest in this type of
REIT, one should consider several factors before jumping in. For instance,
the best apartment markets tend to be where home affordability is low
relative to the rest of the country. In places like New York and Los
Angeles, the high cost of single homes forces more people to rent, which
drives up the price landlords can charge each month. As a result, the
biggest residential REITs tend to focus on large urban centers.
Within each specific market, investors should look for population and job
growth. Generally, when there is a net inflow of people to a city, it's
because jobs are readily available and the economy is growing. A falling
vacancy rate coupled with rising rents is a sign that demand is improving.
As long as the apartment supply in a particular market remains low and
demand continues to rise, residential REITs should do well. As with all
companies, those with the strongest balance sheets and the most available
capital normally do the best.
Healthcare REITs
Healthcare REITs will be an interesting subsector to watch as Americans age
and healthcare costs continue to climb. Healthcare REITs invest in the real
estate of hospitals, medical centers, nursing facilities and retirement
homes. The success of this real estate is directly tied to the healthcare
system. A majority of the operators of these facilities rely on occupancy
fees, Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements as well as private pay. As long
as the funding of healthcare is a question mark, so are healthcare REITs.
Things you should look for in a healthcare REIT include a diversified group
of customers as well as investments in a number of different property types.
Focus is good to an extent but so is spreading your risk. Generally, an
increase in the demand for healthcare services (which should happen with an
aging population) is good for healthcare real estate. Therefore, in addition
to customer and property-type diversification, look for companies whose
healthcare experience is significant, whose balance sheets are strong and
whose access to low-cost capital is high.
Office REITs
Office REITs invest in office buildings. They receive rental income from
tenants who have usually signed long-term leases. Four questions come to
mind for anyone interested in investing in an office REIT
1.What is the state of the economy and how high is the unemployment rate?
2.What are vacancy rates like?
3.How is the area in which the REIT invests doing economically?
4.How much capital does it have for acquisitions?
Try to find REITs that invest in economic strongholds. It's better to own a
bunch of average buildings in Washington, D.C., than it is to own prime
office space in Detroit, for example.
Mortgage REITs
Approximately 10% of REIT investments are in mortgages as opposed to the
real estate itself. The best known but not necessarily the greatest
investments are Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, government-sponsored enterprises
that buy mortgages on the secondary market.
But just because this type of REIT invests in mortgages instead of equity
doesn't mean it comes without risks. An increase in interest rates would
translate into a decrease in mortgage REIT book values, driving stock prices
lower. In addition, mortgage REITs get a considerable amount of their
capital through secured and unsecured debt offerings. Should interest rates
rise, future financing will be more expensive, reducing the value of a
portfolio of loans. In a low-interest rate environment with the prospect of
rising rates, most mortgage REITs trade at a discount to net asset value per
share. The trick is finding the right one.
The Keys to Assessing Any REIT
I've talked about specific types of REITs as well as what to look for when
investing in them. However, there are a few things to keep in mind when
assessing any REIT. They include the following:
1.REITs are true total-return investments. They provide high dividend yields
along with moderate long-term capital appreciation. Look for companies that
have done a good job historically at providing both.
2.Unlike traditional real estate, many REITs are traded on stock exchanges.
You get the diversification real estate provides without being locked in
long term. Liquidity matters.
3.Depreciation tends to overstate an investment's decline in property value.
Thus, instead of using the payout ratio (what dividend investors use) to
assess an REIT, look at its funds from operations (FFO) instead. This is
defined as net income less the sale of any property in a given year and
depreciation. Simply take the dividend per share and divide by the FFO per
share. The higher the yield the better.
4.Strong management makes a difference. Look for companies that have been
around for a while or at least possess a management team with loads of
experience.
5.Quality counts. Only invest in REITs with great properties and tenants.
6.Consider buying a mutual fund or ETF that invests in REITs, and leave the
research and buying to the pros.
The Bottom Line
The federal government made it possible for investors to buy into
large-scale commercial real estate projects as far back as 1960. However,
only in the last decade have individual investors embraced REITs. Reasons
for this include low interest rates, which forced investors to look beyond
bonds for income-producing investments, the advent of exchange-traded and
mutual funds focusing on real estate and, until the 2007-08 real estate
meltdown, an insatiable appetite on the part of Americans to own real estate
and other tangible assets. REITs, like every other investment in 2008,
suffered greatly. But despite this, they continue to be an excellent
addition to any diversified portfolio.
SEP 2010 TBA
OCT 2010
NOV 2010 TBA
DEC 2010 TBA
2009
JAN 2009 TBA
FEB 2009 TBA
|