The Superhero Of
Finance
By
Xavier Lim 22 jan 2010
Warren Buffett, the
‘Sage of Omaha’, is generally considered to be the world’s most
successful investor. Everyone loves to know the secret of his success –
to know how he has become one of the world’s richest men, and a living
legend.
Although Warren Buffett
has not actually written a book about his investment principles himself,
there are a lot of books written about Warren Buffett by others who have
tried to put together the story and ideas behind the man and his
fortune.
If you find those books
somewhat of a boring read, this writer recommends you to pick up this
book, ‘Warren Buffett: An Illustrated Biography of the World’s Most
Successful Investor’, authored by Ayano Morio. It is an easy to read
illustrated novel, providing basic information about Warren Buffett’s
investment philosophy and summarises the principles of Buffett into
short lessons that can be quickly learnt and applied.
The 7 Rules For Success
No matter if you are
running a business or selecting the right company to invest, Buffett’s 7
rules for success will come into play. Here are some brief explanations
of these 7 rules.
RULE NO. 1:
Ascertain The True
Quality Of A Company And Its Top Managers
In 1963, devastated by
a scandal involving a large quantity of nonexistent salad oil, American
Express Company (Amex) saw its stock price plummet from around US$60 to
US$34. However, after carefully studied and analysed the company,
Buffett concluded that Amex virtually owns the nation’s traveler’s check
business and possesses by far the strongest credit card assets that were
entirely unaffected by the scandal. These constituted an unassailable
franchise – what Buffett calls “a castle with a moat around it,” his new
margin of safety.
RULE NO. 2:
Stockholders Are Not
Managers. They Should Leave The Running Of A Firm To Competent Managers
With Integrity
In 1965, Buffett
accumulated 49%-stake in Berkshire Hathaway and named himself Director.
The company was nearly into the ground due to terrible management by the
major shareholder. Immediately, Buffett made Ken Chace the President of
the company, giving him complete autonomy over the organization. The
company started to make profits under the leadership of Ken.
RULE NO. 3:
Don’t Invest In
Businesses You Don’t Understand
In the 1960s,
technology stocks like Polaroid and Avnet Electronics sold for over 100
times earnings, while IBM traded at a multiple above 80 times. Buffett
did not invest a single cent in these technology businesses, because
they make no sense to him and was overly priced according to him. He
dissolved his investment partnership in 1969, returning cash to
investors because he believed that
the market was overvalued. By the end of 1969, stock market saw
a big fall in stock prices.
RULE NO. 4:
Give Help And Advice If
They Want It, But Let The Managers Make Their Own Decisions
In 1976, the Government
Employees Insurance Company (GEICO) announced a US$126m loss and the
company’s shares, which had traded as high as US$42, were down to just
under US$2. Buffett took the view that the company’s core business was
sound and arranged to meet with John Byrnes, then new boss of GEICO and
helped to intercede with the insurance regulators to ensure that GEICO
kept its licences.
RULE NO. 5:
Never, Ever Break The
Law
Salomon Brothers may
have died many years ago if Buffett had not stepped in to a leadership
role at the firm in 1991. Buffett came in during a scandal involving the
firm’s efforts to corner the market in U.S. Treasury bonds.
RULE NO. 6:
Owners Are Owners And
Managers Are Managers – But They Should Work As Partners
The best people to help
you solve problems, particularly those involving customers, are the ones
who experience them on a daily basis. Yes, that is right! Your employees
are a wellspring of ideas on how you can make your customers happier.
Hold a meeting designed to get them to share those ideas.
RULE NO. 7:
Keep Your Distance From
The Market. You’ll Understand The Business Better
Never follow the day to
day fluctuations of the stock market. The market only exists to make it
easier to buy and sell, not to set values. Keep an eye on the market
only for someone who is willing to sell a stock at a not-to-be-missed
price.
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